Shepherd University was founded in Shepherdstown (Jefferson County) in 1871. It began in a building once used as a courthouse (pictured). In 1872, it became one of the first six state schools created to train teachers.

At first, Shepherd struggled with low funding and enrollment. But over time, it grew into a full college, offering four-year degrees. By 1930, it became a teachers' college, and during World War II, the college helped train soldiers. After the war, many veterans came back to study here funded by the GI Bill.

From the 1950s to 1980s, the college began admitting Black students, added more majors, and built new buildings. It also started offering programs in business, nursing, and the arts. In 2000, the college received international attention for hosting peace talks between Israel and Syria.

In 2004, Shepherd became a university. Shepherd also houses the Robert C. Byrd Center for Legislative Studies and each summer hosts the Contemporary American Theater Festival, known internationally for producing new plays.

By 2023, like many colleges in the state, Shepherd was facing financial problems and had to cut some degree programs, faculty, and budget to save money.