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Prehistoric settlements have been found between Armstrong and Loup creeks. Indian trails and campsites along New River show how Indians moved through the area. The Paint Creek Valley was a path for Shawnee raiders going to and from eastern settlements. European-American settlements came in the late 18th century, largely along the rivers.
The county seat was first located in New Haven, on the north side of the New River. In 1837, it was moved to the south side to the town of Vandalia, later renamed Fayetteville.
In 1840, the first census showed that Fayette County had 3,924 people. By 1860, just before the Civil War started, the population had grown to 5,997. Of them, 271 were enslaved.
Fayette County's economic and population growth took off in the 1870s with the arrival of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway.
This Exhibit has 6 Sections
This Exhibit has 5 Sections
Indians, the Frontier, and Conflicts with Settlers
This Exhibit has 16 Sections
This Exhibit has 17 Sections
