In 1867, West Virginia started "normal schools" to train teachers, beginning at Marshall College and Fairmont State. Other normal schools opened in West Liberty, Athens, Glenville, and Shepherdstown. Schools for training African American teachers started with West Virginia Colored Institute in 1892 and Bluefield Colored Institute in 1895. In 1893, the state created two levels of teacher certificates, and in 1903 a uniform teacher exam was introduced to stop corruption in giving certificates.