Born in New York, Van Winkle moved to Parkersburg in 1835, became a lawyer, helped build railroads, and played a significant role in the state’s early development.

He was part of the conventions that led to West Virginia’s creation. As one of West Virginia's first two U.S. senators, Van Winkle is best remembered for voting to save President Andrew Johnson from being removed from office in 1868. A conservative, he often voted against civil rights laws. He retired in 1869 due to poor health and died in Parkersburg.